第二个地理特征是山脉。希腊是一个多山的社会。将近70%到80%的希腊人都是山(阿基诺和巴迪里斯，2006年)。山脉的优势在于它们有助于保存希腊文化的纯净。由于山脉，古希腊文明的居民被隔离在他们的地区，导致与其他文化的罕见的互动。这种地理特征的一个不好的影响是，它充当了一个天然屏障，就像分隔不同社区的墙一样。它阻碍了社区之间的交流，减缓了引入新思想和新技术的速度。它也阻碍了一个统一的政府体系的发展。希腊人巧妙地解决了这个问题，就是开发城邦或城邦。城邦的诞生标志着希腊古典时代的开始，因为城邦的出现开启了文明的无数伟大成就(Willis,1985)。它也证明了民主政府在较小的州更有效(Willis,1985)。每个城邦都有自己的政府和法律，它有助于促进人们参与政治事务。它还为居民提供了保护和安全。由于国家规模较小，人民的需求和需求很容易反映在政府制定的法律和政策中。这种地理特征的另一个缺点是，只有少数土地用于耕种。古希腊的小山谷和平原为人民提供了农田。增加的不利因素是不适于植物驯化的石质土地和贫瘠的土壤。虽然他们在农业上有这样的缺点，但他们还是努力种植橄榄和葡萄。他们还驯养了羊和牛，作为农业的替代品。城邦的发展也帮助他们陷入困境，因为它允许他们为较小的人口提供足够的食物。
美国堪萨斯论文代写:多山的社会
The second geographical feature is the mountains. Greece is a mountainous society. Almost 70 to 80 percent of Greece is covered and dominated with mountains (Aquino & Badilles, 2006). The advantage of the mountains is that they contributed to the preservation of the purity of Greek culture. Because of the mountains, inhabitants of ancient Greek civilization were secluded to their area resulting to rare interactions with other cultures. One bad effect of this geographical feature is that it served as a natural barrier which acted like walls separating different communities. It hindered communication among communities and slowed down the introduction of new ideas and technology. It also obstructed the development of a unified system of government. The Greeks ingenious solution to this problem is to developed the polis or the city-state. The creation of the city-states indicates the start of Greek's classical age because the emergence of the polis started the numerous great achievements of the civilization (Willis, 1985). It also proved that democratic government works better in smaller states (Willis, 1985). Every polis has its own government and laws and it helped promote people's participation in political affairs. It also provided protection and security to the inhabitants. Because states are smaller, the demands and needs of the people were easily reflected in the laws and policies that the government established. Another disadvantage of this geographical feature is that only few lands were dedicated to farming. Few small valleys and plains of ancient Greece provided farm land for the people. Adding to the disadvantage is the the rocky lands and poor soil which are not suitable for the domestication of plants. Although they experienced such disadvantages in farming, they still tried to cultivate olives and grapes. They also domesticated sheeps and cattles as an alternative to farming. The development of the polis also helped in their dilemma because it allowed them to supply enough food for the smaller population.
