第三位也是最后一位请求马歇尔计划援助的总统是2002年3月14日的乔治·布什总统，这是由于9月11日的反恐战争。后来，布什总统在泛美开发银行发表讲话时宣布，在40年50亿美元的援助中，外国援助的援助增加最多。引用奥巴马总统的讲话，“贫富差距日益扩大，机遇与不幸之间的差距，既是对我们的同情的挑战，也是不稳定的根源。”即使我们为战胜恐怖而战斗，我们也必须为使生命值得活下去的价值而奋斗;为教育、健康和经济机会。总统很清楚。然而，新基金将用于“根除腐败、尊重人权、遵守法治、鼓励开放市场和可持续预算政策”的国家。”最重要的开发人员必须回答的问题为了使援助系统产生更好、更可持续的结果是这样的:什么结构,系统压力,以及激励将克服人性的固有特性在所有社会,反对根本性变革,因为它可以威胁呢?我们从痛苦的错误中学到的惨痛教训之一是，一个贫穷国家的变革变革不能由外部强加，而不是由联合国，而不是由银行，而不是由捐助国政府强加。必须有国家领导和地方支持变革，以消除阻碍微观经济改革的障碍，清除政治体制中的腐败，并使公共管理更加负责和透明。造成这种领导形式和行为的原因应该是我们非常感兴趣的问题。部分答案在于国际援助界的激励机制的性质。
普渡大学西拉法叶分校代写:贫富差距日益扩大
The third and final President to request aid from the Marshall Plan was President George Bush, March 14, 2002, due to the war on terrorism events of September 11th. Later, President Bush addressed the Inter-American Development Bank announced the largest increase in foreign aid assistance in 40 years of $5 billion dollars. To quote from the President's speech, "The growing divide between wealth and poverty, between opportunity and misery, is both a challenge to our compassion and a source of instability. Even as we fight to defeat terror, we must also fight for the values that make life worth living; for education and health and economic opportunity." The President was clear. However, that the new funds would be used for countries "that root out corruption, respect human rights and adhere to the rule of law, as well as encourage open markets and sustainable budget policies." The most important question which development professionals must answer in order to make the aid system produce better and more sustainable results are this: what structures, what systemic pressures, and what incentives will overcome the inherent characteristic of human nature in all societies that opposes transformational change because it can be so threatening? One of the sad lessons we have learned through painful mistakes is that transformational change in a poor country cannot be imposed from the outside, not by the UN, not by the Banks, and not by donor governments. There must be national leadership and local support for transformational change to remove the impediments to microeconomic reform, to clean up corruption in the political system, and to make public management more accountable and transparent. What causes this leadership to form and act should be a question of considerable interest to us. Part of the answer lies in the nature of the incentive system in the international aid community.
